Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 2 to 4 time’s higher risk of cardiovascular disease and up to a 3 times increase in mortality than non-diabetics. The accelerated rate of atherosclerosis seen in diabetes mellitus predisposes patients to coronary artery disease and to higher rates of myocardial infarction and death. This review article discusses cardiovascular disease in diabetics and the management of these patients.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising at an alarming rate. In the United States, 23.6 million people, or 7.8% of the population, have diabetes mellitus, with 1.6 million new cases diagnosed annually. Over 200 million people are affected worldwide with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Despite a marked decline in cardiovascular disease related deaths over the past several decades, a smaller reduction has occurred in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Diabetes mellitus remains a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is widely recognized as a coronary artery disease risk equivalent. It is associated with a 2 to 4 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as an increased risk of mortality by up to 3 times.

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus have shown that gender, age, and ethnic background are important factors when considering the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Given similar levels of fasting glucose and proteinuria, women with diabetes mellitus at diagnosis tend to be older and more likely hypertensive. Among those diagnosed at younger ages, women are more likely than men to be obese.

Compared to the non-diabetic population, the overall mortality from acute myocardial infarction in the diabetic population was 4 times higher among men and 7 times higher among women. Despite a similar rate of myocardial infarction and chronic heart disease, the rate of transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary bypass grafting was doubled in diabetic male patients. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC), after adjusting for population age differences, 2004-2006 national survey data for people aged 20 years or older indicate that 6.6% of whites, 7.5% of Asians, 10.4% of Hispanics, and 11.8% of African Americans had diagnosed diabetes mellitus.

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ISSN: 2155-9880

Current Issue: Volume 11, Issue 10

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