In histology, osteoid is the unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When the osteoid becomes mineralized, it and the adjacent bone cells have developed into new bone tissue.

Osteoid makes up about fifty percent of bone volume and forty percent of bone weight. It is composed of fibers and ground substance. The predominant type of fiber is type I collagen and comprises ninety percent of the osteoid. The ground substance is mostly made up of chondroitin sulfate and osteocalcin.

When there is insufficient nutrient minerals or osteoblast dysfunction, the osteoid does not mineralize properly, and it accumulates. The resultant disorder is termed rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. A deficiency of type I collagen, such as in osteogenesis imperfecta, also leads to defective osteoid and brittle, fracture-prone bones.

In some cases, secondary hyperparathyroidism can cause disturbance in mineralisation of calcium and phosphate.

Another condition is a disturbance in primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin which exhibit osteoblastic differentiation and produce malignant osteoid. This results in the formation of a malignant primary bone tumor known as osteosarcoma or osteogenic sarcoma. This malignancy most often develops in adolescence during periods of rapid osteoid formation (commonly referred to as growth spurts).

Radiology has an integral part in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with malignant bone tumors. These tumors must be treated in a multidisciplinary approach. Uniquely, the diagnosis of malignant bone tumors by pathologists relies on the radiologic description of the tumor before a final histopathologic diagnosis is rendered. The multidisciplinary approach and the role of a radiologist are also highlighted in the diagnosis of bone tumors when there is a discordant negative biopsy result but a radiologic aggressive tumor.

Primary malignant chest wall tumors are rare. The most frequent primary malignant tumor of the chest wall is chondrosarcoma, less common are primary bone tumors belonging to the Ewing Family Bone Tumors (EFBT), or even rarer are osteosarcomas. They represent a challenging clinical entities for surgeons as the treatment of choice for these neoplasms is surgical resection, excluding EFBT which are normally treated by a multidisciplinary approach.

Amino bisphosphonates are a class of drugs effectively used for the management of pathologic skeletal conditions in people, most notably hormonally mediated osteoporosis and cancer-associated bone metastases. Based on their physicochemical properties, amino bisphosphonates concentrate within areas of active skeletal remodeling and exert protective bone biologic effects through the induction of osteoclast apoptosis. Given the similar mineral composition and cellular components of bone tissue shared among mammals, it would be expected that amino bisphosphonates should also be effective in managing malignant bone diseases in dogs and cats. The first half of this review article briefly summarizes the general properties of amino bisphosphonates including their pharmacology, mechanism of action, and potential adverse side effects. The second half of this review focuses on the clinical utility of amino bisphosphonates and measures of response in dogs and cats diagnosed with malignant skeletal tumors.

Feel free to share your research work on related topics in Journal of Orthopedic Oncology which offers information in all aspects of primary, malignant tumors. Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and soft tissue sarcomas etc., it also deals with diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, clinical, laboratory research and reconstructive techniques.

Journal uses Editorial Tracking System for quality in review process. Editorial Manager is an online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems. Review processing is performed by the editorial board members of Orthopedics & Oncology or outside experts; at least two independent reviewer’s approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript. Authors may submit manuscripts and track their progress through the system.

Journal Considers Research article, Review articles, editorial, letter, case reports, short communications, original articles from leading scientists and scholars around the world in all areas of related to Malignantosteoid, Multilobular tumour of bone, Chondrosarcoma, Chordoma, Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcomaetc., which come under the scope of the journal.

You may submit your manuscript as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at  orthooncol@scholarlymed.com; joo@jpeerreview.org

Regards,

Stella

Editorial Team

Journal of Orthopedic Oncology