Nanogels may be defined as highly cross linked nano-sized hydrogels ranges from 20-200 nm. Nanogels are three-dimensional hydrogel materials in the nanoscale size range formed by cross-linked swellable polymer networks with a high capacity to hold water, without actually dissolving into the aqueous medium. Nanogels have attracted considerable attention as nanoscopic drug carriers, particularly for site-specific or time-controlled delivery of bioactive mediators. A high diversity of polymer systems and the simple modification of their physicochemical features have provided multipurpose forms of nanogel preparations. Nanogels have outstandingly high stability, drug loading ability, biologic consistence, good permeation capability and can be responsive to environmental stimuli. Great potential has been shown by nanogels in many fields including delivery of genes, chemotherapy drugs, diagnosis, targeting of specific organs and several others.

 Nanogels not only protect the cargo from degradation and elimination but also participate actively in the delivery process due to their characteristic properties like stimuli-responsive behavior, softness and swelling to help achieve a controlled, triggered response at the target site. The versatility of their architecture allows for incorporation of a plethora of guest molecules ranging from inorganic nanoparticles to bio macromolecules like proteins and DNA with suitable modifications of the materials used for their construction, without compromising their gel-like behavior. This multifunctionality and stability is hard to find in other types of nanoparticulate systems; especially the ability to incorporate entities with very different physical properties within the same carrier. Inorganic nanomaterials have distinct material properties like optical activity, electrical conductivity and magnetic properties that make them suitable for in vivo diagnostic and imaging applications, but they suffer from limitations of poor colloidal stability, low aqueous solubility and rapid elimination by the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS).

Polymeric nanogels can be used as carriers for such imaging probes by imparting stability and increasing their utility. Nanogels are innovative drug delivery system that can play an integral part in pointing out many issues related to old and modern courses of treatment such as nonspecific effects and poor stability. They can be administered through various routes, including oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral, intra-ocular etc. They have a high degree of drug loading capacity and it shows better permeation capabilities due to smaller size. They release the drug by pH responsive, thermo sensitive, volume transition, and photochemical internalization and Photo isomerization mechanism. They can be classified by stimuli responsive or non-responsive behavior and type of linkages present in the network chains of gel structure. Nanogel can be synthesized by Photolithographic, modified pullulan, emulsion polymerization, reverse micro emulsion polymerization, inverse miniemulsion polymerization and free radical crosslinking polymerization technique. Nanogels can be used for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammation and bone regeneration etc. Nanogels are the novel drug delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Adalene Nanogel Gel is a combination of two medicines that effectively treats acne. It minimizes oil production and helps to reduce inflammation. It also kills acne-causing microorganisms and prevents infection. This helps to prevent pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads on the skin. The complexity of the system and intricate structural properties demand careful engineering of the nanogel in order to achieve the desired effect. The scalable production and batch-to batch reproducibility can also be hurdles that need to be addressed.

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