Fossil fuel reserves are nowadays decreasing and their use cause high CO2 emissions. For these reasons lignocellulosic biomass is becoming increasingly recognised as a good feedstock and carbon source with different components and applications. Microwave radiation is a green energy technique for the hydrolysis and dehydration of biomass into monosaccharides due to the reduction of reaction times and the elimination of reaction by-products. Plant cell wall is mainly composed by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is the predominant component which can be hydrolyzed into glucose and then dehydrated under microwave radiation in acidic medium and at high temperature to obtain 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA), both of them wellknown biofuel precursors. Hence, the aim of this work is the study of the hydrolysis and dehydration of microcrystalline cellulose by microwave radiation using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and different reaction systems. The optimal conditions obtained have been applied for the obtaining of HMF and LA from some waste such as beer bagasse and melon rind. For conclusion, this work has been able to obtain biofuel precursors from waste using a green and environmentally friendly energy such as microwave radiation, also we have developed different methods to obtain one precursor or another using different pretreatment and changing experimental conditions.